Should Females in the Military Be Excluded from Combat Free Essays

Should females in the military be rejected from battle and different unsafe obligations? Should females in the military be avoided from battle and different risky obligations? Ladies are delicate, they are mindful and makers of life not destroyers of life. Ladies have been thought of as having nothing just the same as war. Ladies today have the chance to enroll in the military, they are not permitted to take an interest in battle units and battle. We will compose a custom article test on Should Females in the Military Be Excluded from Combat or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Who might confide in a firearm in the possession of a lady who is delicate and vulnerable?Females ought to be rejected in light of the fact that they divert male troopers could be caught and tormented, and genuinely or intellectually aren’t fit for endurance. Contentions favor ladies being prohibited from cutting edge battle. The primary contention is that females in battle jobs are an interruption for male officers. The nearness of females on the war zone affects the male warriors. It can make the male fighters be occupied causing them not to center. Numerous troopers accept that they can't have a similar trust in ladies on the front line to play out their obligations in battle battling when it is at a crucial time, as they do with individual male companions. Ladies and men engaged with sentimental connections in battle units can disturb the concentration and ability to battle. Enormous rates of ladies may get pregnant to get away from battle obligations. Females put in battle units will influence the battle unit attachment and the men who would prefer not to work with them. Many believe that pregnant warriors unquestionably influences them as battle prepared. During the Gulf War pregnant warriors couldn't serve.Many ladies subsequent to learning of their pregnancies after sending to Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm were sent home. A few purposes of contention are by the individuals who bolster ladies serving on the front line in battle units. Another contention is by the individuals who are against ladies filling in just as the presence of the ladies in battle units and how it influences the male troopers and the other way around. The following contention is females don't have the physical chest area quality or intellectual ability expected to perform and adapt to battle jobs. There are physical contrasts that people have and furthermore their disparities in mentalities.Women have a less thick skeletal edge and bound to have cracks. Ladies are at a higher hazard for wounds identified with practices than men are. Ladies are twice as likely then men to continue lower limit wounds and multiple times as prone to have pressure cracks. On normal ladies are littler and shorter than men with 40 to half less quality in the chest area and 20 to 30% greatest oxygen utilization less vigorous limit, basic for perseverance. Women’s oxygen consuming limit is fundamentally lower than men, and it causes them not to have the endurance important to convey overwhelming gear for significant distances and as fast as men.Women are increasingly defenseless to getting amazingly drained. Ladies fundamentally come up short on the physical quality and endurance basic to act in direct battle. Ladies soldier can not convey the rucksacks, gear, weapons, and food the significant distances to the battle lines. Along these lines, it will be hard to deal with the very substantial military hardware utilized on the field; it would take them longer to control weapons, which would offer the adversary the chance to shoot first. There would be issues at whatever point the need emerges to convey the body of an injured warrior off the front lin e. Ladies are more fragile than men and it causes ladies certain inconveniences in battle circumstances. It has been demonstrated that when ladies are appropriately prepared, they are as intense as the men. Ladies ought to be given indistinguishable rights from men to be in battle and battle for their nation, given that they pass indistinguishable norms of wellness assessments from men. Ladies don't have the important mental solidarity to adapt to the passionate and mental pressure included. Ladies will have issues taking care of the climate of threatening vibe and dread on the battlefield.Women, who are permitted to serve in battle jobs can decrease the battle units’ viability. At the point when ladies are brought to battle units men quit identifying with one another and begin attempting to get the consideration of the ladies. The extremely high pace of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) called battle exhaustion, or shell-stun) among the male troopers would embody this. In this way considering these contentions, it might appear to be an obvious end result that ladies ought not be permitted to battle in the front-line.The above contentions are what individuals customarily consider ladies and are not realities but rather speculations. Truth be told, it isn't valid for each lady. Most ladies don't have the vital physical quality, there are some sufficiently able to battle in battle and may even have the option to pass indistinguishable wellness prerequisites from men. Battle is an amazingly troublesome time for each person, regardless of whether lady, or man. The capacity to adapt to distressing circumstances is a trademark that will differ rom individual to individual whether man or lady. I trust it isn't all in all correct to prohibit ladies from battling in battle obligations dependent on their attributes. Qualities are controlled by ladies and men just to an alternate degree. Ladies are rejected out of battle obligations on account of speculations. Ladies ought to be decided by their own qualities and capacities. The most significant explanation females ought to be avoided from battle jobs is that in battle units the females are in danger of capture.Female POWs are tormented, and perhaps explicitly ambushed. Female POWs will be exposed to the enemy’s methods of dangers of assault, assault, or different types of sexual offense. Despite the fact that they are being held hostage some are compelled to work for the foe. Female POW’s additionally may confront undesirable pregnancies from assault and consensual sex while in imprisonment. Eighty seven ladies have been caught held as detainees of war (POWs) in World War II, two ladies in Operation Desert Storm, and two ladies during Operation Iraqi Freedom (Valdosta. edu).Researchers have found in the course of the most recent 40 years more females are in deployment ready then earlier years, yet not in the cutting edges. The insights show the ladies ready for deployment and save and gatekeeper. The measurements likewise show ladies in military clashes and detainees of war. The accompanying insights outlines this point. Insights on Women in the Military |Women Serving Today | |Information graciousness of the Department of Defense and the US Coast Guard. | |Data as of Sept. 30, 2009. |Active Duty |Reserve and Guard | |Women |Total |%Women | |USANG |20,168 |109,196 |18. 5% | |(More than 90% of all vocation fields in the military |Guard |71,190 |472,317 |15. 1% | |are open to ladies) |Total | [pic] Women in Military Conflicts |Women Prisoners of War | |Spanish American War |1,500 |Civil War |one* | |World War I |35,000 |World War II |90** | |World War II (period) |400,000 |Desert Storm |two | |Korea (in theater) |1,000 |Operation Iraqi Freedom |three | |Vietnam (in theater) |7,500 |*known | |**includes one American Red Cross and three Army Civilians | |â | |Revised 02/09/10 | |Grenada (sent) |170 | |Panama (conveyed) |770 | |Desert Storm (in theater) |41,000 | http://www. womensmemorial. organization No uncertainty there is a lot more noteworthy likelihood of demonstrations of torment, sexual attack, dangers of assault, and assault with the presence of ladies on the forefront. Is it workable for men to be explicitly attacked or assaulted moreover? Despite the fact that it is conceivable, assault of a male is more outlandish (Bork, 2005). The idea of ladies tormented, explicitly attacked, and assaulted in bondage is an explanation behind barring ladies from direct battle jobs. Measurements show how ladies in the military explicitly attacked created Post Traumatic-Stress Disorder. The accompanying measurements delineates this point.Combat PTSD  Lifetime event (commonness) in battle veterans 10-30%. In the previous year alone the quantity of analyzed cases in the military bounced half and that’s just analyzed cases. Studies gauge that one in each five military staff coming back from Iraq and Afghanistan has Post Traumatic-Stress Disorder (PTSD). 20 % of the troopers who have been sent in the previous 6 years have PTSD. That’s more than 300,000. 17% of battle troops are ladies; 71% of female military work force create PTSD because of rape. http://www. healmyptsd 400 U. S. fighters surveyed by specialists in Iraq chose by thinking 31% females and 41% male warriors expressed that ladies ought not be permitted in battle jobs Charles Moskos.The expressed accord in the United states ladies ought not be in the bleeding edge units and it doesn't create the impression that any progressions to that strategy are probably going to occur. Ladies don't have the chest area quality or the greatest oxygen utilization, she needs to take in vital for hard work, skilled to support delayed distressing exertion and endurance of being in a battle job (Bowman, 2005). The current adaptation of the â€Å"ground battle avoidance policy,† by The Defense Department that was set up in 1994, states: â€Å"Military staff can be placed in each position that they meet the capabilities for, with special case to ladies who won't be incorporated to be relegated to battle units. † Women are permitted beneath detachment level where battle is to happen, only not in battle arms battalions.The â€Å"ground battle rejection policy† states that â€Å"direct combat† is battling the adversary in a battle unit with individual officers with weapons. The foe is taking shots at the battle unit and individual fighters are attempting to shield themselves from the foe in self protection, regardless of whether it is from utilizing physical power or discharging back (Broadwell, 2009). Thinking about all the contentions, females ought not be all

Proposed Technique for Sidelobes Suppression

Part 4 PROPOSED TECHNIQUE FOR SIDELOBES SUPPRESSION As found in old parts, there are numerous sidelobes concealment methods proposed yet the vast majority of these proposed sidelobe concealment procedures are non acceptable adjusted between the multifaceted nature and open introduction. The accessible methods have their ain focal points and burdens in footings of structure, execution or may affect different components which outcomes in hapless by and large productivity. So in this theory work we are proposing Correlative cryptography as another sidelobes one of the concealment strategy which can be used for cut bringing down the sidelobes power altogether. Prior to that, permit us see some fundamental idea about correlativity cryptography. Up until this point, we have considered the entomb image intercession as a foreboding happening which delivers a degradation in the framework open introduction. Unquestionably, its name itself depicts a disturbance outcome. In any case, by adding bury image intercession to the familial sign in a controlled or known mode, it is conceivable to achieve a spot pace of 2B0spots every second in a channel of transfer speed B0Hz. These strategies are calledcorrelate cryptographyorpartial-responsesignaling procedures. Since, connect cryptography technique depends on the whole of ISI brought into familial sign. In this way, the entirety of ISI in familial sign is known. The result of this ISI can be remunerated at the getting framework from the known proportion of the ISI.Duobinary signalingThe fundamental idea of correspond cryptography will presently be represented by sing the particular outline of duobinary flagging, where â€Å"duo† infers copying of the transmittal limit of a sequential twofold star framework. See a double information grouping { BK} staying of uncorrelated parallel figures each holding continuation TBseconds, with image 1 spoke to by a throb of abundancy +1 V, and image O by a throb o f plentifulness - 1 V. At the point when this arrangement is applied to a duobinary encoder, it is changed over into three-level finished result, viz. , - 2, 0 and +2 Vs. To deliver this transmutation, we may use the procedure appeared in figure 4.1. Figure 4.1: Duobinary flagging methodology. The paired succession { BK} is first gone through a basic channel influencing an individual hold part. For each unit motivation applied to the contribution of this channel, we get two unit drive divided TBseconds separated at the channel final result. We may consequently show the figure degree CelsiusKat duobinary software engineer final result as the measure of the current double figure BKand its old worth Bk-1, as appeared by CK=bK+bk-1†††††††( 17 ) One of the impacts of the transmutation depict by ( 17 ) is to adjust the info arrangement { BK} of uncorrelated parallel considers along with a grouping { degree CelsiusK} of correlative figures. This correlativity between the following familial degrees might be seen as introducing intersymbol mediation into the familial sign in a stunning mode. Be that as it may, this entomb image mediation is under the designer’s control, which is the balance of associate cryptography. A perfect hold part, bring forthing a hold of TBseconds, has the transportation map exp ( - j2?fTB) , with the goal that the transportation guide of the basic channel appeared in figure 18 is 1+exp ( - j2?fTB) . Subsequently, the general transportation guide of this channel associated in course with the perfect channel Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) is H ( degree Fahrenheit ) = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ 1+ exp ( - j2?fTB) ] = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ exp ( j?fTB) + exp ( †j?fTB) ] exp ( - j?fTB) = 2 Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) cos ( ?fTB) exp ( †j?fTB )††††††( 18 ) For a perfect channel of data transfer capacity B0=RB/2, we have Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) = †††††††( 19 ) In this way the general frequence reaction has the signifier of a half-cycle cosine map, as appeared by Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) = †††††††( 20 ) For which the adequacy reaction and stage reaction are as appeared in figure 4.2 ( a ) and figure 4.2 ( B ) , severally. A bit of leeway of this frequence reaction is that it tends to be simple approximated in design. Figure 4.2: frequence reaction of duobinary progress channel The relating estimation of the drive reaction comprises of two sinc throbs, cut showed by TBseconds, as appeared by ( aside from a scaling factor ) ††††††( 21 ) Which is indicated aforethought in figure 4.3.We see that the general drive reaction H ( T ) has only two discernable incentive at the difficult squint of an eyes. Figure 4.3: Impulse reaction of duobinary change channel. The first informations { BK} might be distinguished from the duobinary-coded grouping { degree CelsiusK} by deducting the old decoded parallel figure from the by and by got digit degree CelsiussKin similarity with condition ( 17 ) . In particular, permitting bI‚Kstand for the estimation of the first twofold figure BKas brought about by the accepting framework at cut t equivalent to kTB, we have bI‚K= cK†bI‚k-1††††††( 22 ) It is apparent that if degree CelsiussKis got without botch and if other than the old estimation bI‚k-1at clasp t= ( k-1 ) ThymineBcorresponds to a correct assurance, so the present estimation bI‚Kwill be correct too much. The procedure of using a put away estimation of the old image is called assurance input. We see that the detecting procedure only depicted is fundamentally an inverse of the activity of the straightforward channel at the sender. Notwithstanding, a downside of this detecting method is that one time botches are made, they will in general spread. This is because of the way that an assurance on the present parallel figure BKdepends on the rightness of the assurance made on the old double figure Bk-1. A reasonable office of dodging this mix-up expansion is to use precoding before the duobinary cryptography, as appeared in fig 6.11. The precoding activity performed on the information double arrangement { BK} changes over it into another parallel grouping { aK} characterized by aK= BK+ ak-1modulo-2 ††††††( 23 ) Modulo-2 extra is commensurate to the selective or activity. A selective or entryway works as follows. The finished result of an elite or door is a 1 if exactly one info is a 1: in any case, the final result is a 0. The resulting precoder final result { aK} is following applied to the duobinary developer, accordingly bring forthing the succession { degree CelsiusK} that is identified with { aK} as follows: degree CelsiussK= aK+ ak-1†††††( 24 ) Note that dissimilar to the line drive activity of duobinary cryptography, the precoding is a nonlinear activity. We expect that image 1 at the precoder finished result in figure 4.4 is spoken to by +1 V and image 0 by - 1 V. Figure 4.4: A precoded duobinary system. Along these lines, from condition ( 22 ) and ( 23 ) , we find that CK=  ±2 Vs, if BKis spoke to by image 0 0 Vs, if BKis spoke to by image 1 †††††( 25 ) From condition ( 25 ) we reason the undermentioned assurance guideline for watching the first info parallel succession { BK} from { degree CelsiusK} : BK= Symbol 0 if |cK| and A ; gt ; 1 V Image 1 if |cK| and A ; lt ; 1 V †††††( 26 ) Fitting to condition ( 26 ) , the decipherer comprises of a rectifier, the final result of which is contrasted with a limit of 1 V, and the first paired arrangement { BK} is in this manner distinguished. A square chart of the sensor is appeared in figure 4.5. An utile quality of this sensor is that no insight of any information test other than the current one is required. Subsequently, botch augmentation can non occur in the sensor of figure 4.5. Figure 4.5: Detector for recovering unique parallel grouping from the precoded duobinary software engineer end product.Modified Duobinary signalingThe altered duobinary strategy includes a correlativity range of two twofold figures. This is accomplished by deducting input twofold figures separated 2TBseconds separated, as showed in the square outline of figure 4.6. The final result of the adjusted duobinary progress channel is identified with the succession { aK} at its contribution as follows: degree CelsiussK= aK†ak-2†††††( 27 ) Figure 4.6: Modified duobinary flagging technique. Here, again, we locate that a three degree signal is produced. In the event that aK=  ±1 V, as accepted prior, degree CelsiussKtakes on one of three qualities: 2, 0, and - 2 Vs. The general transportation guide of the tapped-delay-line channel associated in course with the perfect channel, as in figure 4.6, is given by H ( degree Fahrenheit ) = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ 1-exp ( - j4?fTB) ] = 2j Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) fiendishness ( 2?fTB) exp ( †j2?fTB) ††††††( 28 ) Where Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) is as characterize in condition ( 19 ) . We, thus, have a general frequence reaction in the signifier of half-cycle sine map, as appeared by H ( degree Fahrenheit ) =2j underhandedness ( 2?fTB) exp ( - j2?fTB) |degree Fahrenheit| ? RoentgenB/2 0 in any case ††††††( 29 ) The comparing adequacy reaction and stage reaction of the altered duobinary software engineer are appeared in figure 4.7 ( a ) and 4.7 ( B ) , severally. Abundancy responsePhase responseFigure 4.7: Frequency reaction of changed duobinary progress channel. The motivation reaction of the changed duobinary developer comprises of two sinc

Analysis of Gender Inequalities in the Workplace

Investigation of Gender Inequalities in the Workplace Prologue to Gender Inequalities in the Workplace According to Massey (34), numerous individuals mistake sexual orientation for sex, which includes natural contrasts between a male and a female. Numerous social orders and societies on the planet make qualifications between people dependent on sexual orientation. In numerous social orders, men are better than ladies (Burstein 342).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Analysis of Gender Inequalities in the Workplace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The differentiation is shown through the forcefulness of men in the general public. The way that men are more forceful than ladies has achieved sexual orientation imbalances in the general public. Subsequently, imbalances have prompted incongruities as to social jobs dispensed to either sex. In this scientific paper, the creator quickly takes a gander at authoritative hypothesis and how it influences workers. The creator basically looks at a portion of th e variables related with sex imbalances in the general public. Exceptional consideration is given to sex imbalances in Saudi Arabia and in the Middle East. Also, the creator features a portion of the progressions proposed to manage the circumstance. The paper appears as a ‘personal case analysis’, which depends on the discoveries put forth in the defense study directed before. The occasions for the situation study are deciphered and dissected utilizing an exhaustive ‘four-frame’ structure. Authoritative Theory: A Summary In this close to home case examination, the creator fundamentally surveys the occasions for the situation study, and how the occasions are identified with hierarchical hypothesis. To this end, the creator deciphers the occasions for the situation concentrate from the point of view of the hierarchical hypothesis. The hypothesis supplements the four-outline examination completed in the paper. Subsequently, it is imperative to give a short syn opsis of this hypothesis. The synopsis will give the peruser a thought concerning how the hypothesis is attached to the occasions for the situation study. As indicated by Burstein, â€Å"organization hypothesis is (the) investigation (of) the advantages of distinguishing basic topics (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) to take care of issues, augmenting effectiveness and productivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(and) addressing the requirements of stakeholders† (p. 45).Advertising Looking for paper on sexual orientation contemplates? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational hypothesis is partitioned into three classes. The three are individual, gathering, and authoritative procedures. One of the issues tended to in the theory’s singular idea is inspiration among people. To this end, the hypothesis tries to recognize how and why people are persuaded. It recognizes the contrasts between the character attributes of various representatives. Wh at's more, the theory’s singular idea tries to characterize the jobs that one is able to do adequately executing in the association without making ambiguities. The second classification of the hypothesis addresses bunch forms. As indicated by the arrangements of the gathering forms class, the association ought to make working gatherings for the representatives. The representatives will adequately speak with one another inside such gatherings. What's more, the workers will successfully synchronize their activities with those of different representatives to assist the association. Under gathering forms, the association should think of an administration structure, where the pioneer has control over the subordinates. Likewise, the pioneer ought to have the capacity and ability to impact the subordinates, helping them to viably execute the undertakings allocated to them. Under association forms, the substance is required to think of an interesting model. The model will separate th e association from different elements working in the market or in a similar industry (Rania 15). To this end, the model characterizes the structure of the association as for that of other organizations.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Analysis of Gender Inequalities in the Workplace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More furthermore, the model characterizes the division and stream of intensity in the association. Much of the time, associations make their own way of life, which is explicit to its workplace. Subsequently, workers exist together calmly with the supervisory group. The two gatherings join their endeavors and work towards the accomplishment of the set objectives. The three ideas dissected above effect fundamentally on the activities of the association. To this end, the three ideas decide how sex is seen in the association. They are utilized in deciphering the occasions broke down for the situation study gave before. Wellsprings of Gende r Inequality The thought of predominance of one sexual orientation over different has kept ladies out of authority positions. The ladies are accepted to perform preferred as colleagues over as pioneers. The conviction is obvious in Ms Haneen’s case. Male centric society, which is characterized as the predominance of men in the general public, is obvious in numerous social orders in the Middle East. It has adversely influenced the interest of ladies being developed procedures. For instance, not many ladies take an interest in such segments as paid work, training, and authority contrasted with men. Social and strict assorted varieties have altogether changed the basic edge of numerous social orders on the planet today. The jobs and duties of ladies in the general public discover their implications in culture and religion. Sexual orientation jobs are enlivened by social qualities, standards, and different social practices. By and large, the job of the lady in the general public is constrained to housework. Therefore, the ladies who figure out how to make sure about conventional work are considered as fortunate (Hurst 176). The ladies themselves think about this as twofold work, battling to find some kind of harmony between office work and residential chores.Advertising Searching for exposition on sex examines? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Religion has customarily preferred men over ladies. Men are viewed as the sole providers in the family. Thus, ladies are disheartened from taking an interest in labor related exercises. As indicated by the lessons of Islam, ladies should act as skilled housewives. They are entrusted with the obligation of bringing up their kids as indicated by the lessons of the Quran (Wood 213). Male centric society has discovered its way into the work place. Most ladies are profoundly qualified contrasted with men. Also, some of them have immense involvement with their field of mastery. Much of the time, their presentation is extraordinary. A case of such a lady is Ms. Haneen. Regardless of this experience and capabilities, the ladies are not allowed the chance to work in administrative positions. The inability to elevate ladies to higher initiative positions is related with the structure of the general public. Also, the disappointment is related with the perspectives, convictions, and conclusions held by individuals in the general public. Political structures and assessments with respect to what ladies represent in a general public are additionally to fault for this disappointment. It has prompted low confidence among ladies in the work place. Also, it has decreased the spirit of ladies in the work place. The exhibition of ladies in the work environment decays when they get familiar with the ‘hard truth’ (Wood 129). Because of debilitated monetary development during the 1990s, most businesses wanted to recruit men rather than ladies. The inclination was buttressed by the idea that â€Å"men’s pay is increasingly critical to their families† (World Bank 34). On understanding this, ladies dropped out of the work showcase. They dropped out of the market on understanding that their probability of getting employed was fundamentally decreased. The United Nations Development Program (thus alluded to as UNDP) has named the progressing sex disparities in the Arab countries as a ‘significant deterrent to human development’ in that district (Rania 3). Sexual orientation disparity adversely influences human improvement given that countless ladies in the district are uneducated. Likewise, not many ladies are occupied with formal business. Absence of education among ladies has contrarily affected on day to day environments, prompting high paces of infections and passing in the nation. A Structural Frame Just like some other association, the KPMG’s significant objective is to make benefits from its tasks. Another target of the association is to extend its piece of the pie. What's more, the association needs to repress the contenders and develop as the pioneer in the market regarding charge consultancy, reviewing, and ‘executive pursuit and selection’ of workers. The targets of this association will be accomplished by getting the opportune individuals to work for the association. For quite a while, female work ers have demonstrated their assurance in accomplishing the set objectives and destinations. The female workers have demonstrated this by viably speaking with the administrators and different partners. Furthermore, the workers have demonstrated their productivity in utilizing the accessible assets to meet the destinations of the association. They relate well with their kindred workers. Subsequently, they improve the encounters of others in the association. The capacity of ladies to accomplish this in the working environment is clearly delineated by Ms Haneen for the situation study. The ladies are equipped for keeping up a conventional relationship with their bosses and individual coworkers. They have demonstrated their capacity to steadily execute the errands allocated to them by the chiefs. As a rule, they perform superior to their male partners. There are different reasons why KPMG have urged female representatives to partake in the running of

One Of The Most Prevalent Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2461 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Â  Abstract Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent health complications in the United States, affecting over 20 million citizens and costing billions of dollars. As a result of this disease being one of the leading causes of death in the United States, it has forced millions of people to be hospitalized. Type 2 diabetes is common among people who are obese, have high fat diets, and fail to exercise. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "One Of The Most Prevalent Health" essay for you Create order The disease occurs due to inefficient usage and production of insulin and beta cell dysfunction. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are both contributing factors to impaired function of beta cells and beta cell turnover. When tested, saturated fats had detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, whereas monounsaturated fats prompted beta cell proliferation and increased insulin sensitivity. In the test meals with saturated fats, the insulin sensitivity decreased and beta cell function decreased. Diets containing high amounts of saturated fatty acids significantly increases ones risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Introduction The study of the structural elements of fatty acids and their impact on the human body is one of the most enigmatic, yet critical research fields in nutrition. It is essential to have fat in ones diet in order to assist the bodys ability to absorb fat soluble vitamins and go through vital processes such as membrane synthesis, protein and carbohydrate modification, construct structural elements in cells, and produce signaling compounds. Although fats play a critical role in ones health, certain fats can be detrimental to the body, leading to beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. The development of type 2 diabetes is an extremely prominent health issue for citizens of the United States; it is a chronic issue in which the body is unable to use the available insulin it produces efficiently. Insulin is an essential hormone produced by pancreatic islets that help the body use digested food for its metabolic needs. Approximately 23.1 million people in the United States are diagnosed with diabetes, costing over 245 billion dollars annually [4]. Saturated Fats What are saturated fats and where can they be found in our diets? From a chemical standpoint, Saturated fats are fats that are solid at room temperature and do not contain double bonds between their carbon molecules. This is because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. High concentrations of saturated fatty acids are primarily found in animal products, however, a few plant products also contain them. Suggesting that these fats can be detrimental to ones health, the biggest sources of these fats that cause a concern for citizen in the United States include but are not limited to, pizza, cheese, milk, butter, dairy desserts, meat products, cookies, and fast food dishes. Monounsaturated Fats What are monounsaturated fats and where can they be found in our diet? In contrast to saturated fats, monounsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and contain fat molecules that have one unsaturated carbon bond, also called a double bond. Consumption of these fats can be good for ones health as they lower LDL cholesterol, which is a waxy substance that can evoke blockage in arteries. As a result of keeping LDL cholesterol low, it immensely reduced ones risk of developing heart disease or stroke. Monounsaturated fats are typically associated with several health benefits and are considered good or beneficial fats; they have the ability to improve blood cholesterol levels, ease inflammation, stabilize heart rhythms [11]. High concentration of these fats can be found in plant based foods such as olive, peanut, and canola oils, avocados, nuts, and seeds. Beta Cells What are Beta cells and their importance to the body? Beta cells are a type of cell that are found in pancreatic islets, and carry a vital role in the body. The main role of beta cells is to produce and secrete a hormone called insulin, which is responsible for the regulation of glucose in blood. Beta cells quickly respond to changes in blood glucose concentrations by secreting and producing insulin. When the glucose concentration outside of the cell is high, the glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion. After entering the beta cell through glucose transporters, the glucose is phosphorylated as shown in the figure below. Glycolytic flux and tricaboxylic acid cycle activity both increase, resulting in an increase of ATP production in the mitochondria; as the ATP to ADP ratio increases due to metabolism of glucose, ATP sensitive potassium ion channels close, inhibiting the diffusion of potassium out of the cell. The accumulation of potassium ions causes the membrane to have a more positive charge, opening voltage gated channels, allowing calcium to enter the cell. As a result of the calcium ions entering the cell, vesicles that contain insulin fuse with the membrane, inducing secretion of insulin through exocytosis. It is critical for beta cells to function properly and release insulin so the body has access to the chemical when it is needed. Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body acquires a greater blood glucose level than normal, also called hyperglycemia. People with type 2 diabetes fail to use their insulin properly. Insulin is a vital hormone that helps cells turn glucose from food into energy. in early stages, the pancreas produces higher amounts of insulin, however, over time it cannot keep up. As a result, it cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at a normal level. People who are overweight and do not exercise regularly are at a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can inflict numerous health issues, which is why it is important to know its symptoms. Some symptoms of type 2 diabetes include increased thirst and hunger, dry mouth, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss or weight gain, headaches, decreased or blurred vision, fatigue, numbness, and in rare occasions, loss of consciousness. According to studies, 8.6% or 21 million adults were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2016 in the United States [8]. Type 2 diabetes can be extremely dangerous to ones health and in some cases puts people in the hospital. 7.2 million hospital discharges were reported in 2014 for people with diabetes [1]. 1.5 million of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases, 108,000 had to have lower extremity amputations, and 168,000 suffered from diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes is the 7th leading cause for death in the United States in 2015, after 252,806 death certificates declared diabetes as the underlying cause of death [1]. In addition to its alarming health consequences, type 2 diabetes is costly. The 2012 estimated cost of diabetes in the United States was 245 billion dollars, and the individual medical expenditures for people diagnosed with diabetes were about 13,700 dollars per year [1]. Saturated and Monounsaturated fats and their influence on beta-cell function According to several researches, strong evidence proves that saturated fatty acids are frequently linked to apoptosis and reduced proliferation of beta cells, whereas monounsaturated fats may counteract this effect. Many of these studies associate saturated fats to insulin secretion dysfunction and the frequency of diabetes 2, however, it is unclear how much unsaturated fats influence the postprandial control of insulin secretion and resistance, even in healthy subjects [10]. In a study by The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the mean plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and FFA concentrations were measured in an SFA meal, MUFA meal, HPSO meal, VEFO meal, and a control meal (shown in figure 1). While the glucose levels were similar for all of the meals, there was a significant difference of the AUC for insulin, triglycerides, and FFA between the control meal and the high-fat meals. In addition to testing the plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and FFA concentrations in separate meals, they gathered data on postprandial beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. The research showed that the subjects proportionally became more insulin resistant as the meals went from concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (VEFOROOHPSOSFA). As the table above confirms, monounsaturated fat meals were shown to make the subjects more insulin sensitive than the saturated fat meals. When compared with MUFAs, [the] data showed that SFAs dramatically decreased postprandial insulin sensitivity toward blood FFAs, ie, they reduce postprandial ISI(FFA)GTTTM, which suggests that lower ratios of MUFAs to SFAs in dietary fats could profoundly affect the antilipolytic action of insulin [10]. Thus, the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats suggest that postprandial metabolism of saturated fats may be linked to dysfunction of beta cells, which is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies demonstrate that saturated fats lead to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, preceding the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The development of type 2 diabetes typically occurs as a response of insufficient diets and lack of physical activity in people who have predispositions in beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In insulin-resistant states, pancreatic islets usually respond by increasing insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia, a process termed cell compensation [9]. This process includes the expansion of beta cell mass, an increase of insulin biosynthesis, and enhancement of nutrient secretion coupling processes with increased sensitivity to glucose, FFAs, and GLP-1 stimuli [9]. One of their studies proved that due to the altered metabolic signaling network and accumulation of toxic lipids, inadequate beta cell compensation [resulted] in onset of mild hyperglycemia at 8-9 weeks of age in the ZDF rat, resulting in severe beta cell failure. In their studies of glucolipotoxicity, saturated fats were cytotoxic, whereas monounsaturated fats were protective. Monounsaturated fats more effectively promote TG/FFA cycling; unlike saturated fats, monounsaturated fats do not cause the accumulation of ceramides or deplete mitochondrial cardiolipin levels, which are both processes that are linked to cytotoxicity [9]. The Process of Beta Cell Turnover The first step in the process of beta cell turnover is a through the overproducing of insulin. When beta cells are exposed to an excess amount of glucose or saturated fatty acids for an extended period of time, the pancreas produces an excess amount of insulin. Consequently, this over producing induces the beta cells into a state of cellular stress, decreasing the degree of insulin sensitivity (Figure 3). Next, the production of insulin can no longer continue to increase, therefore the insulin production is maximized. At this point in the process, the pancreatic beta cells are no longer able to produce insulin. After the immense stress of producing more insulin that physiologically normal for a beta cell over a long period of time, the stressed beta cells begin to die off, also known as beta cell turnover (Figure 4). The Role of Beta Cell Turnover in Type 2 Diabetes Ultimately compounded by low insulin sensitivity, beta cell dysfunction is a critical determinant for type 2 diabetes. People who suffer from type 2 diabetes become resistant to its insulin, and in response, their beta cells compensate by producing a larger amount of insulin. When this occurs over a long period of time, the beta cells wear out, also referred to as beta cell turnover. Discussion An immense amount of scientific research supports the fact that a high saturated fat diet is the most effective method of causing beta cell turnover and insulin resistance. As shown earlier, data clearly shows that saturated fatty acids have a negative effect on insulin sensitivity, whereas monounsaturated fats have a positive impact. Beta cells are extremely important for the human body because if insulin was not produced, glucose would accumulate in blood, causing inflammation in tissues, and could eventually lead to severe metabolic problems, organ failure and death. When beta cell are exposed to high saturated fat concentrations for a long period of time, their self defense mechanisms can no longer protect them from dysfunction. Beta cell insulin production depends on several factors. Some of these factors include fat and glucose concentrations, and the amount of time they are exposed to high levels of these concentrations. In these high concentrations, the pancreas produces an excess amount of insulin in attempt to combat the issue. Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are both linked to hyperglycemia, which is characterized by type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In conclusion, diets containing saturated fatty acids have a negative impact on insulin secretion and resistance. Data showed that meals with saturated fatty acids compared to monounsaturated meals significantly decreased insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance. Beta cells are particularly sensitive to these diets. Beta cell failure occurs when islets are unable to sustain the compensation for insulin resistance from the high accumulation of glucose in blood. The process of beta cell dysfunction and death is progressive; after hyperglycemia is established, the beta cells functionality begins to deteriorate and beta cell mass decreases due to apoptosis. In contrast, diets with monounsaturated fats had the opposite effect, stimulating beta cell proliferation. The ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats in the data is useful while designing a diet to reduce postprandial insulin concentrations. Excessive intake of these fatty acids can eventually lead to type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes. When improperly managed, the disease can lead to numerous health problems including heart disease, blindness, nerve damage, kidney disease, amputations, and in severe cases, death. Small changes in ones lifestyle and diet can make an immense impact on their life, greatly reducing risk of getting type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. Therefore, it is critical to make necessary adjustments in ones lifestyle to prevent the development of this disease. References [1] American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(suppl 1):S11-S24. [2] Asif, M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 3, 1. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.127541 [3] Cerf, M. E. (2013, March 10). Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2013.00037/full [4] Current Burden of Diabetes in the U.S. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/communication-programs/ndep/health-professionals/practice-transformation-physicians-health-care-teams/why-transform/current-burden-diabetes-us [5] How Fat Kills Insulin-Producing Beta Cells. (2018, August 11). Retrieved from https://www.masteringdiabetes.org/how-fat-kills-beta-cells/ [6] Maedler, K., Spinas, G., Dyntar, D., Moritz, W., Kaiser, N., Donath, M. Y. (2001, January 01). Distinct Effects of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on -Cell Turnover and Function. Retrieved from https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/50/1/69.short [7] Maedler, K., Oberholzer, J., Bucher, P., Spinas, G. A., Donath, M. Y. (2003, March 01). Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent the Deleterious Effects of Palmitate and High Glucose on Human Pancreatic -Cell Turnover and Function. Retrieved from https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/52/3/726 [8] Morr, M. (2018, May 31). Diabetes Prevalence by Type in the United States: CDC report. Retrieved from https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/diabetes-resource-center/cdc-report-diabetes-by-type-us-adults/article/760827/ [9] Prentki, M., Nolan, C. J. (2006, July 03). Islet cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.jci.org/articles/view/29103 [10] Sergio, Beatriz, Pacheco, M, Y., Villar, Muriana, JG, F. (2008, September 01). Distinctive postprandial modulation of cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: Monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/88/3/638/4754442 [11] Types of Fat. (2018, July 24). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-and-cholesterol/types-of-fat/

Similarities And Differences Between A Braxon Tale And A...

In the film, A Bronx Tale, Lorenzo Anello states to his son, â€Å"They want to see you do good, but never better than them†¦remember that†, because of the addition his son was taking from the wrong people. These film’s setting can be identified by the title, the film Chinatown that took place in Los Angeles, but with Chinatown being an important part of the film. Unlike that, A Bronx Tale is clearly in one of the boroughs that make up New York City. It’s easy to tell the differences between these two films, but not as simple to determine the similarities. Much more differences happen to appear between these two films, from character traits to the setting, they’re undoubtedly not the same. As for similarities, they both have characters with life†¦show more content†¦Los Angeles is a desert community†. During the time, Los Angeles was part of the desert, but in the other film, New York has been already in its prime with larger skyscraper s and a more diverse community. Not only that, but even throughout the films, it was noticeable to point out the cultural and architectural differences within the people and buildings portrayed. The way the cities are portrayed in the films truly do change the experience one may have in those cities throughout life because one may expect the cities to be what they want it to be as shown in the films, but in reality won’t experience that because it’s currently two thousand and seventeen and the films were made to give the audience a taste of what 1937 and the 60’s were. As for symbolism, both the films use different techniques with symbols that create and reveal more than what is being shown to the audience. For example, in A Bronx Tale, music is the key symbol for everything. Such as the bus scene when Calogero is talking to his father, who is driving the bus, and can’t help but stare into Jane’s eyes. Before Calogero sees her, upbeat jazz is playi ng from his father’s radio; yet as soon as Calogero sees Jane, the music begins to slow down and make the scene more than what it appears to be. Creating a moment between them that can only be seen by them. The important part of the symbolism in Chinatown is the color of clothing the people wear and the cigarette smoke

Critical Discourse Analysis - 1510 Words

Critical Discourse Analysis Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists’ discussions from different disciplines, as well as ordinary language users. In contemporary social sciences, especially in linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse. Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language, as well as the language as a socio-cultural activity. In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participate in the creation and pass on different values, ideologies and symbolic power. This essay aims to show the definition of Critical Discourse Analysis and also show how useful it is for exploring issues of power and inequality in relation to gender.†¦show more content†¦As pointed out by van Dijk (1993) one of the key objectives of the Critical Discourse Analysis is also the understanding of the nature of power and domination. 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An introduction to world management science - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the An introduction to world management science. Answer: Introduction: The point of sale system refers to the technology where the consumers carryout the payment regarding the products or services they buy from an organization. It is considered as the collaboration of hardware and software for allowing the vendors for taking transactions and making the everyday business operations easy (Smith 2014). Small and medium organizations are making progress in implementing information system within their environment. The POS system is capable of streamlining business process of SME so they can achieve more than just having flexibility regarding processing daily transaction. The report is consisted of various consequences of implementing POS system in the Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The organization is situated in the Colorado. The organization used to have manual processes to manage their business. The report describes advantages and disadvantages of POS system, POS system in gaining competitive advantage, advantage of having centralized database. Advantages and Disadvantages of the New POS System: The biggest advantage of the point of sale system is that business owners of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery are able to monitor the transactions related to sales in real time and this happens in automated way. The system has enable the organization to eliminate the need of manual procedure in the core sales transactions (Rodrguez 2017). Operating and managing the business has become easy for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery owners can get crucial information by inputting, monitoring and sharing data. Decision making is a significant part of the business that assist in elaborating the business if properly observed and processed. As the point of sale system in Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery stores accurate data, decision making quality automatically gets better. As the current and accurate inventory related data is available to the owners of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery, they need not to make assumptions during placing orders (Nikolova and Inman 2015). Gaining compe titive advantage through having all the required data at hand has been possible. The most harmful drawback of the system that has been observed so far is the connection reliability is low. The software modifications are costly and it is not always possible for the organization. Gaining Competitive Advantage through POS System The biggest competitive advantage of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery is managing inventory in accurate manner. The system has allowed the owners of the organization to handle inventory, flag entities for reorder and evaluating the sales patterns (Lee et al. 2014). The POS system in Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery has been more than a cash register, as it has been processing in the core of sales transactions and allowing the organization to track and share useful data. The accuracy of data is crucial for business to achieve competitive advantage as these data and information is used for decision making process. The decision of taking a new perspective, real costs, offered the opportunity for shifting the production of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to more profitable state thus making the business more competitive (Miller et al. 2017). The organization was not able to identify and understand this kind of business opportunity prior to development of POS system. Advantage of Centralized Database: The primary advantage of having a centralized database for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery is having an improved data preservation process. In case any hardware fault occurs, the fault-tolerance setup in the centralized database is able to handle the situation. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery is processing on numerous business and consumer related data. In such circumstances, having a secured environment for data is crucial (Eskandari et al. 2016). The centralized database is suitable for developing a security policy and infrastructure that can support the data security needs of the chosen business. The policies will be developed in such way that the possibility of damaging the data by a laptop will be minimal. Another good advantage of centralized database that has helped Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to grow business is cost reduction in overall price of implementation of database (Kuipers et al. 2016). The maintenance cost of the centralized database is always less than maintaining several small databases. Having redundancy and high quality equipment have made the centralized database able to implement a secure and proper database system in the environment of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery system. POS System Facilitate Decision Making: Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nurserys business processes are consist of managing business internal activities, managing customer request, generating reports, managing inventory and many more. The POS system allows the organization to have full access to the business process related data and generate patterns for making the improvements in various parts of the business. The activities is always under control of the business owners (Anderson et al. 2015). Tracking the information in effective manner is not possible. The biggest issue with tracking the data through manual process is error in data accuracy. It has been observed in past that Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nurserys manual processes are tend to be full of errors. The organization was running their business in loss or negligible profit while having manual business processes. The questions can be asked by customers, management, inventory employees and few more personnel of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The consumers are tend to have intention of asking questions regarding the status of their delivery or products available (Karpovsky and Galliers 2015). The management can be asking questions related to gaps in the business processes, inventory staff can ask questions about the potential amount of raw materials required to purchase to fulfill customer need for a specific season. The information can be evaluated to identify customer buying patterns, effect of weather on the nursery, inventory assumptions and much more (Bennett 2015). The outcome of the evaluation will allow Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to have better understanding of business opportunity and constraints. Recommend Telecommunication Options: LAN is the abbreviation of Local Area Network. This can be achieved through wired or wireless network. In case of WAN or wide area network, the coverage area of the network is larger than LAN. The wide area network is the combination of various small network coverage areas connected with each other. MAN or metropolitan refers to a network that is consisted with various network nodes connected with each other (Kokkinos et al. 2016). LAN is the best solution for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery as this will allow the organization to have it whole network within a secured place from where conducting cybercrime is nearly impossible. The network will be developed using wired and wireless technology both. In case of connecting remote devices like laptop will be connected to Wi-Fi and machines like inventory in/out checking will be connected using RJ-45 cable (Vaquero and Merino 2014). The routers will be connected to each other through mesh topology so that if a router gets damaged then another path can be used for data transfer, results into uninterrupted data flow. Risks That POS System Brings: In terms of security risk, the physical attacks on the system can a harmful situation. Either employees of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery or an intruder can connect to the network using internal devices like authorized laptops to harm the system. The system can be accessed by the wireless network designed for remote devices. The cybercriminals can access to the network of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nurserys system if they are able to crack the password of the network (Edelman, Jaffe and Kominers 2016). They can reconfigure the whole network to damage the business process. The hacker can get into the system and steal the personal information of staff and customers. The same way the hackers can get their hands on the business confidential data like customer buying history, generated patterns, information of various deals and much more. Conclusion: From the above report it can be concluded that the system has been able to resolve the main issues of the business. The effect of the system could be seen right after the implementation of the system. The decision making is a significant process of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nurserys business. The system is a good source of simplifying and increasing the quality of business decision making. The data validation and verification process ensures that only authorized and accurate data is stored into the database. The database is centralized and it allows the system to be secured. Using the LAN will allow the organization to have a secured network. It will be difficult for cybercriminals to hack the system as the whole network will be located into one place. Recommendations: E-Commerce: The organization can develop and integrate an e-commerce website and mobile app within its system. This will allow the organization to attract more customers. The business will be able to expand its business from local area to whole nation. The business will flourish with the new huge customer base. Taking Feedback: The feedback will be taken from end users and customers to identify the areas in which modifications can be done. The feedback will be analyzed and the points directing to a specific modification will be prioritized. Based on the priority, the changes will be done. Having an IT Expert Team: As the organization will not be contracting with any third party organization for their services, the system maintenance will be a hard process. An IT expert team will be able to handle any technical fault within the organization system. Improving Inventory Setup: As the inventory is the core of the business, the organization need to have a proper inventory setup to support business properly. Having barcode reader in the inventory will eliminate the error due to having manual product storage process. References: Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015. An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Bennett, E.L., 2015. Legal ivory trade in a corrupt world and its impact on African elephant populations. Conservation Biology, 29(1), pp.54-60. Edelman, B., Jaffe, S. and Kominers, S.D., 2016. To groupon or not to groupon: The profitability of deep discounts. Marketing Letters, 27(1), pp.39-53. Eskandari, S., Clark, J. and Hamou-Lhadj, A., 2016, July. Buy Your Coffee with Bitcoin: Real-World Deployment of a Bitcoin Point of Sale Terminal. In Ubiquitous Intelligence Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld), 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences (pp. 382-389). IEEE. Karpovsky, A. and Galliers, R.D., 2015. Aligning in practice: from current cases to a new agenda. Journal of Information Technology, 30(2), pp.136-160. Kokkinos, P., Kalogeras, D., Levin, A. and Varvarigos, E., 2016. Survey: Live migration and disaster recovery over long-distance networks. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 49(2), p.26. Kuipers, M.A., Beard, E., Hitchman, S.C., Brown, J., Stronks, K., Kunst, A.E., McNeill, A. and West, R., 2016. Impact on smoking of England9s 2012 partial tobacco point of sale display ban: a repeated cross-sectional national study. Tobacco control, pp.tobaccocontrol-2015. Lee, J.G., Henriksen, L., Myers, A.E., Dauphinee, A.L. and Ribisl, K.M., 2014. A systematic review of store audit methods for assessing tobacco marketing and products at the point of sale. Tobacco control, 23(2), pp.98-106. Miller, S., Pike, J., Chapman, J., Xie, B., Hilton, B.N., Ames, S.L. and Stacy, A.W., 2017. The Prevalence and Marketing of Electronic Cigarettes in Proximity to At-Risk Youths: An Investigation of Point-of-Sale Practices Near Alternative High Schools. Journal of Child Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), pp.119-124. Nikolova, H.D. and Inman, J.J., 2015. Healthy choice: the effect of simplified point-of-sale nutritional information on consumer food choice behavior. American Marketing Association. Rodrguez, R.J., 2017. Evolution and characterization of point-of-sale RAM scraping malware. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, 13(3), pp.179-192. Smith, D.C., 2014. Preventing point-of-sale system intrusions (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School). Vaquero, L.M. and Rodero-Merino, L., 2014. Finding your way in the fog: Towards a comprehensive definition of fog computing. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 44(5), pp.27-32.